Nakuba singase singakuqapheli, wonke umuntu emhlabeni angase athintwe ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo eyinyumba. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwezinaliti ukujova imigomo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisindisa ukuphila njenge-insulin noma i-epinephrine, noma ngo-2020 ngethemba lokuthi izimo ezingavamile kodwa zangempela, ukufaka ishubhu lokuphefumula ukuze iziguli ezine-Covid-19 zikwazi ukuphefumula.
Imikhiqizo eminingi yabazali noma eyinyumba ingase ikhiqizwe endaweni ehlanzekile kodwa engeyona inzalo bese ivalwa amagciwane, kodwa futhi kuneminye imikhiqizo eminingi yabazali noma eyinyumba engakwazi ukubulawa amagciwane.
Imisebenzi evamile yokubulala amagciwane ingase ihlanganise ukushisa okumanzi (okungukuthi, i-autoclaving), ukushisa okomile (okungukuthi, i-oven depyrogenation), ukusetshenziswa komhwamuko we-hydrogen peroxide, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali asebenza phezulu ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi ama-surfactants (njenge-70% isopropanol [IPA] noma i-sodium hypochlorite [i-bleach]), noma i-gamma irradiation isebenzisa i-cobalt 60 isotope.
Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela kungase kubangele umonakalo, ukuwohloka noma ukungasebenzi komkhiqizo wokugcina. Izindleko zalezi zindlela zizophinde zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekukhethweni kwendlela yokuvala inzalo, ngoba umenzi kufanele acabangele umthelela walokhu ezindlekweni zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Isibonelo, isimbangi angase enze buthaka inani lomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke ungadayiswa ngentengo ephansi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bokuvala inzalo abukwazi ukusetshenziswa lapho kusetshenziswa ukucubungula i-aseptic, kodwa kuzoletha izinselele ezintsha.
Inselele yokuqala yokucubungula i-aseptic yindawo lapho umkhiqizo ukhiqizwa khona. Indawo kumele yakhiwe ngendlela enciphisa izindawo ezivalekile, isebenzise izihlungi zomoya zezinhlayiyana ezisebenza kahle kakhulu (ezibizwa nge-HEPA) ukuze kungene komoya kahle, futhi kulula ukuyihlanza, ukuyigcina isesimweni esihle futhi icolise ukungcola.
Inselele yesibili ukuthi okokusebenza okusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye, okumaphakathi, noma imikhiqizo yokugcina ekamelweni kumele futhi kube lula ukuyihlanza, ukuyinakekela, futhi ingawi (khipha izinhlayiya ngokusebenzisana nezinto noma ukugeleza komoya). Embonini ehlala ithuthuka, lapho usungula izinto ezintsha, noma ngabe kufanele uthenge amathuluzi akamuva noma unamathele kubuchwepheshe obudala obufakazelwe busebenza kahle, kuzoba nebhalansi yezindleko zenzuzo. Njengoba okokusebenza kudala, kungase kube sengozini yokulimala, ukwehluleka, ukuvuza kwamafutha, noma ingxenye yokugunda (ngisho ngeleveli encane kakhulu), okungase kubangele ukungcoliswa okungaba khona kwesikhungo. Yingakho uhlelo olujwayelekile lokulungisa kanye nokukhishwa kwezitifiketi lubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma okokusebenza kufakwe futhi kunakekelwa ngendlela efanele, lezi zinkinga zingancishiswa futhi kube lula ukuzilawula.
Khona-ke ukwethulwa kwemishini ethile (njengamathuluzi okugcina noma okukhishwa kwezinto kanye nengxenye yezinto ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe umkhiqizo osuphelile) kudala ezinye izinselele. Zonke lezi zinto kufanele zisuswe endaweni evulekile nengalawuleki ekuqaleni ziye endaweni yokukhiqiza engaseptic, njengemoto yokulethwa, indawo yokugcina impahla, noma indawo yokukhiqiza ngaphambilini. Ngalesi sizathu, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zihlanzwe ngaphambi kokungena emaphaketheni endaweni yokucubungula i-aseptic, futhi ungqimba lwangaphandle lwephakeji kufanele lufakwe inzalo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokungena.
Ngokufanayo, izindlela zokuqeda ukungcola zingadala umonakalo ezintweni ezingena endaweni yokukhiqiza i-aseptic noma zibize kakhulu. Izibonelo zalokhu zingase zihlanganise ukuvalwa kokushisa kwezithako zemithi esebenzayo, ezingase zifake amaprotheni noma amabhondi amangqamuzana, ngaleyo ndlela zenze inhlanganisela ingasebenzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe kubiza kakhulu ngoba ukuvala inzalo yokushisa okumanzi kuyindlela esheshayo nengabizi kakhulu yezinto ezingenazo izimbotshana.
Ukusebenza nokuqina kwendlela ngayinye kufanele kuhlolwe kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselela.
Inselele enkulu ukuthi inqubo yokucubungula izobandakanya ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kwesinye isigaba. Lokhu kungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa izithiyo ezifana nomlomo wamagilavu ​​noma ngokusebenzisa imishini, kodwa noma ngabe inqubo ihloselwe ukuba yodwa ngokuphelele, noma imaphi amaphutha noma ukungasebenzi kahle kudinga ukungenelela komuntu.
Umzimba womuntu uvame ukuthwala inani elikhulu lamagciwane. Ngokwemibiko, umuntu ojwayelekile wakhiwe yi-1-3% yamagciwane. Eqinisweni, isilinganiso senani lamagciwane nenani lamangqamuzana omuntu cishe singu-10:1.1
Njengoba amabhaktheriya ekhona yonke indawo emzimbeni womuntu, akunakwenzeka ukuwaqeda ngokuphelele. Lapho umzimba uhamba, uyohlala ukhipha isikhumba sawo, ngokuguga nokukhala kanye nokudlula komoya. Esikhathini sokuphila, lokhu kungase kufinyelele cishe ku-35 kg. 2
Zonke isikhumba esichithiwe kanye namagciwane kuzobeka usongo olukhulu lokungcoliswa ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwe-aseptic, futhi kufanele kulawulwe ngokunciphisa ukusebenzisana nenqubo, futhi ngokusebenzisa izithiyo kanye nezingubo ezingachithi ukuze kukhuliswe ukuvikela. Kuze kube manje, umzimba womuntu ngokwawo uyisici esibuthakathaka kakhulu ochungechungeni lokulawula ukungcola. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa inani labantu ababamba iqhaza emisebenzini ye-aseptic futhi kuqashwe ukuthambekela kwemvelo kokungcoliswa kwamagciwane endaweni yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwezinqubo ezisebenzayo zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane, lokhu kusiza ukugcina umthwalo we-bioburden wendawo yokucubungula i-aseptic ezingeni eliphansi ngokuqhathaniswa futhi uvumela ukungenelela kusenesikhathi uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi "iziqongo" zokungcola.
Ngamafuphi, lapho kungenzeka khona, izinyathelo eziningi ezingase zithathwe ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bokungcola kungena enqubweni ye-aseptic. Lezi zenzo zihlanganisa ukulawula nokuqapha indawo ezungezile, ukunakekela izinsiza nemishini esetshenziswayo, ukuvala inzalo okokufaka, kanye nokunikeza isiqondiso esinembile senqubo. Ziningi ezinye izindlela zokulawula, ezihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokucindezela okuhlukile ukuze kukhishwe umoya, izinhlayiya, namagciwane endaweni yenqubo yokukhiqiza. Akushiwo lapha, kodwa ukusebenzisana kwabantu kuzoholela enkingeni enkulu yokwehluleka kokulawula ukungcola. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inqubo esetshenziswayo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo kwezinyathelo zokulawula ezisetshenziswayo njalo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iziguli ezigula kakhulu zizoqhubeka nokuthola uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluphephile nokulawulwa kwemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza i-aseptic.