Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini bungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zokwelashwa kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi: ngokomzimba, amakhemikhali, kanye nemvelo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanzi angcolile ezimbonini.

1. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ngokomzimba: ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukuhlunga, imvula, ukuntanta komoya, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi. Ukuhlunga kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe emanzini; Amasu okwehlisa i-sedimentation kanye ne-air flotation asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa uwoyela nezinhlayiya eziqinile; Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwama-membrane, obufana ne-ultrafiltration ne-osmosis ehlehlayo, busetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa okunembe kakhulu futhi bufanele ukwelapha amanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi kanye nokuthola izinto eziwusizo.

2. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngamakhemikhali: Ukukhipha ukungcola ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezifana nokugeleza, ukuncishiswa kwe-oxidation, ukubulala amagciwane, kanye nokungathathi hlangothi. I-Flocculation kanye ne-coagulation ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukususa izinhlayiya ezinhle; Indlela yokunciphisa i-oxidation ingasetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo noma ukususa izinsimbi ezinzima; Amasu okubulala amagciwane afana ne-chlorination noma ukwelashwa kwe-ozone asetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamanzi ezimbonini noma ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokukhishwa.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha bebhayoloji: ukuthembela kuma-microorganisms ukonakalisa izinto eziphilayo emanzini, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile buhlanganisa inqubo yodaka ecushiwe kanye nenqubo yokwelapha i-anaerobic. Inqubo yodaka ecushiwe ifanele ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ngomthwalo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha i-anaerobic buvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile angenawo aphilayo, angehlisa isithunzi ngokuphumelelayo ukungcola futhi abuyise amandla (afana ne-biogas).

Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ezifana ne-petroleum, amakhemikhali, ukucubungula ukudla, kanye nemithi. Azigcini nje ngokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa izinga lokuphinda zisetshenziswe amanzi, zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.

Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2024, imboni yokuhlanza amanzi yezimboni yaseChina ikhombisa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo, kodwa ukugxilwa kwemakethe akuphezulu, futhi amabhizinisi amaningi mancane ngezinga futhi anokuncintisana okubuthakathaka. Eminyakeni ezayo, ngesidingo esikhulayo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo nentuthuko esimeme, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini emisha yokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini kuzosheshisa.