Ezimbonini zesimanje njengamakhemikhali, ezemithi, ukudla, namakhemikhali amahle, ama-reactors asebenza njengenye yemishini yokukhiqiza eyinhloko, ephatha izinqubo ezibucayi njengokuxubana kwezinto, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukushisisa nokupholisa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-catalytic. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-reactors, ama-reactors ensimbi engagqwali avele njengenketho ekhethwayo yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuvelele nokusebenza okubanzi. Ngakho-ke, kungani ama-reactors ensimbi engagqwali ethandwa ngaphezu kwezinye izinto (njenge-carbon steel, i-enamel, noma i-fiberglass)? Yiziphi izinzuzo eziqondile ezenza zinganakushintshwa? Lesi sihloko sizokwenza ukuhlaziya okujulile kusuka kubukhulu obuningi, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukumelana nokugqwala, izindinganiso zokuphepha, ukuthobela inhlanzeko, impilo yesevisi, kanye nezindleko zokunakekela, ukuze kuvele ukuthi kungani iziphehli zensimbi engagqwali zifaneleka kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali.

1. Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, kulungele izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, imidiya egqwala kakhulu njengama-asidi aqinile, ama-alkali aqinile, izinyibilikisi zemvelo, nama-oxidizers kuvame ukubandakanyeka. Uma impahla yomkhumbi wokusabela ingamelani nokugqwala, ingaholela kalula ekulimaleni kwemishini, ukuvuza, noma izehlakalo zokuphepha. Insimbi engagqwali (ikakhulukazi amamaki ajwayelekile afana no-304 no-316L) iqukethe izakhi zengxubevange ezifana ne-chromium, nickel, ne-molybdenum, akha ifilimu eliminyene nelizinzile (ungqimba lwe-chromium oxide) ngaphezulu, okuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwe-substrate yensimbi ngabezindaba.

Uma sithatha insimbi engagqwali engu-316L njengesibonelo, iqukethe i-molybdenum engu-2% ukuya ku-3%, ethuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride, iyenze ifaneleke kakhulu izinqubo zokusabela ezindaweni ezinosawoti, ezicwebezelayo, noma emanzini olwandle. Ngokuphambene, ama-reactors ensimbi ensimbi ajwayele ukugqwala ezimeni ezinomswakama noma ezine-asidi, akuthinti nje kuphela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kodwa futhi okungenzeka kuholele ekumisweni kokukhiqiza nokulungiswa ngenxa yokubhobozwa okubangelwa ukugqwala. Ngakho-ke, ezimeni ezibandakanya ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali abolayo, ama-reactor ensimbi engagqwali abonisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka okungenakuqhathaniswa.

2. Amandla aphezulu kanye nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuningi kudinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezimo zengcindezi ephezulu, njenge-polymerization, i-esterification, ne-hydrogenation. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi i-reactor ibe namandla anele okusebenza kanye nokuzinza kwe-thermal. Izinto zensimbi engagqwali zibonisa amandla okukhiqiza okuphezulu namandla aqinile, okuzivumela ukuthi zigcine ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphansi kwezindawo ezinengcindezi ephezulu.

Khonamanjalo, insimbi engagqwali ine-coefficient ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa yokunwetshwa okushisayo kanye ne-thermal conductivity emaphakathi, okuyenza ingabi lula ekucindezelekeni okushisayo ngesikhathi sokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuvamile, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ingozi yokuqhekeka okubangelwa ukukhathala okushisayo. Ukwengeza, ama-reactors ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ahlonyiswa ngejazi noma izakhiwo zekhoyili zokulawula izinga lokushisa ngokujikeleza uwoyela odlulisa ukushisa, isitimu, noma amanzi apholisayo. Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokushisela kanye nokusebenza kokuvala kwensimbi engagqwali kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwalezi zinhlelo ezisizayo.

3. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwenhlanzeko, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu

Ezimbonini ezinezidingo zokuhlanzeka eziphakeme kakhulu, njengezemithi, i-biotechnology, nezithasiselo zokudla, ama-reactor akumele nje enze kube lula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kodwa futhi athobele izindinganiso ze-GMP (Good Production Practice). Insimbi engagqwali, enobuso obushelelezi, ukungabikho kwamakhona afile, ukuhlanzeka kalula, nokumelana nokukhula kwamagciwane, iyimpahla esezingeni elifanele.

Udonga lwangaphakathi lwensimbi engagqwali, oluqedwe ngokupholisha isibuko (Ra ≤ 0.4μm), aluvimbeli nje kuphela izinsalela zezinto ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi lugwema ukungcoliswa okuphambanayo, lula ukusebenza kwe-CIP (Clean-in-Place) kanye ne-SIP (Sterilize-in-Place).

Lena inselele iziphehlisi zoqweqwe lwazo ezilwela ukuyinqoba ngokugcwele—naphezu kokumelana kwazo kahle nokugqwala, uma sezonakele, insimbi engaphansi ingagqwala ngokushesha, futhi kunzima ukuyilungisa. Ngokuphambene, insimbi engagqwali ingalungiswa ngokushisela nokupholisha ngisho noma yonakele endaweni, ihlinzeka ngokulungiswa okuvumelana nezimo.

Kafushane, isizathu esenza ama-reactors ensimbi engagqwali afaneleke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali silele ekuhlanganisweni kwawo kokumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu, ukuphepha okuphakeme, ukuhlanzeka kalula, impilo ende yesevisi, kanye nobungane bemvelo. Lezi zici zibenza bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko zezinqubo ezihlukahlukene nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphatha imidiya egqwala kakhulu, eqhuba izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nengcindezi ephezulu, noma ehlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka, ama-reactor ensimbi engagqwali ahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezinzile nezithembekile. Ngakho-ke, embonini yamakhemikhali yesimanje ephishekela ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nentuthuko esimeme, ama-reactors ensimbi engagqwali awameli nje kuphela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi asebenza njengesisekelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza kanye nokuncintisana kwenkampani.